| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 28
| Issue : 1 | Page : 4-8 |
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Perioperative management of diabetes mellitus
Ranabir Salam
Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Ranabir Salam
Department of Medcine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0972-4958.135214
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Patients with diabetes mellitus undergo surgery more frequently than non-diabetics. Diabetics tend to have increased morbidity and longer hospital stay following surgery, which may be due to higher risk of infection and co-morbidities such as cardiovascular complications and nephropathy. Studies have shown that pre-operative glycemic control have a significant impact on the risk of infections. Glycosylated hemoglobin below 7% is the usual pre-operative target, but values between 8% and 9% may be acceptable depending on individual circumstances. Recent guidelines from Australia and UK no longer recommend withdrawal of oral hypoglycemic agents including metformin before surgery. Cardiac-related and overall mortality are greater with increased post-operative blood glucose levels. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Diabetes Association recommends target glucose levels <180 mg/dL in critically ill patients and <140 mg/dL in non-critically ill patients. Insulin-glucose infusion is the preferred mode of insulin therapy until patient is able to take adequate calorie orally. Sliding scale insulin is no longer recommended and supplemental insulin protocol is more appropriate. Hypoglycemia is also a major contributor to an adverse outcome and severe hypoglycemia should be avoided. |
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